Cafe au lait macule - 咖啡牛奶斑
童年时期常出现颜色均匀、边界清晰的斑点。总体而言，这些边界比图中的更为清晰。
relevance score : -100.0%
References激光治疗显示，75% 的 CALM 患者的清除率达到 50%，其中 43% 的患者清除率达到 75%。在不同的激光类型中，QS-1064‑nm Nd:YAG 激光的疗效最佳。总体而言，所有激光类型的副作用（例如色素沉着不足和色素沉着过度）均较低，表明安全性良好。
To draw a conclusion, the laser treatment could reach an overall clearance rate of 50% for 75% of the patients with CALMs, for 43.3% of the patients, the clearance rate could reach 75%. When looking at different wavelength subgroups, QS-1064-nm Nd:YAG laser exhibited the best treatment capability. Laser of all the wavelength subgroups presented acceptable safety regarding of the low occurrence of side effects, namely, hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation.
To draw a conclusion, the laser treatment could reach an overall clearance rate of 50% for 75% of the patients with CALMs, for 43.3% of the patients, the clearance rate could reach 75%. When looking at different wavelength subgroups, QS-1064-nm Nd:YAG laser exhibited the best treatment capability. Laser of all the wavelength subgroups presented acceptable safety regarding of the low occurrence of side effects, namely, hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation.
Café-au-lait macules were shown in 1063 patients (96.5%), axillary and inguinal freckling in 991 (90%) and neurofibromas in 861 (78.1%). Other skin manifestations included: lipoma (6.2%), nevus anemicus (3.9%), psoriasis (3.4%), spilus nevus (3.2%), juvenile xanthogranuloma (3.2%), vitiligo (2.3%), Becker's nevus (1.9%), melanoma (0.7%) and poliosis (0.5%).
Pigmentation disorders are commonly diagnosed, evaluated, and treated in primary care practices. Typical hyperpigmentation disorders include postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, solar lentigines, ephelides (freckles), and café au lait macules.
健康人也可能出现咖啡斑，但若数量异常，则可能与 1 型神经纤维瘤病等综合征相关。咖啡斑的数量对神经纤维瘤病的诊断具有临床意义。青春期前，若儿童身上出现直径≥5 mm、且数量≥6个的咖啡斑；青春期后，若斑点直径≥15 mm且数量≥6个，则是神经纤维瘤病的主要诊断标准之一。
咖啡斑通常在出生时即存在，属于永久性标记，且可能随时间增大或增多。即使接受激光治疗，斑点通常难以完全去除，且可能在治疗后复发。
○ 治疗
复发率较高，通常需要长期激光治疗。
#QS1064 / QS532 laser